Self Efficacy Among Students From A University Or School

Abstract Self-efficacy is the ability to encourage your-self to get things accomplished. Self-efficacy are affecting by four factors as mastery experiences, modeling, persuasion and physiological factors. The purpose behind this paper has been to gain an understanding of how self-efficacy relates to entrepreneurial performance and the concept self-efficacy, with the aim of establishing how this personal characteristic can be measured and used to forecast entrepreneurial achievement. The aim of this research was to identify the level of entrepreneurial self-efficacy among students from a university or school which adopted entrepreneurial education also how entrepreneurial self-efficacy is related to gender. Self-efficacy in entrepreneurship must be measure by quantitative method. Research have come a long progress to identifying individual characteristics and skills for predicting entrepreneurial performance and achievement. Introduction A person belief their ability to successful in the specific task is called self-efficacy. People estimate of their basic capacity to adapt, perform and be successful and was found to be positively identified with occupation performance. Generalized self-efficacy is implied significant to impact an entrepreneur in taking part in inventive activity, adopting a proactive position and taking risks. Such capacity is frequently developed slowly through experience and is strengthened by past achievements. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is the degreeShow MoreRelatedStatistical Report on the Effects of Self-Efficacy on Depression1333 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to self-efficacy Self-efficacy has been studied extensively since Albert Bandura first published his theory in 1977. In social situations, individuals have varying perceptions of their ability to successfully interact with others.(Bandura 1977) In other words, their self-efficacy beliefs reflect their level of social confidence (Bandura, 1977). The possession of strong self-efficacy beliefs has been related to positive outcomes in academic achievement, career choice and also to reduceRead MoreScope Of Problem Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesScope of Problem (1-2 Pages) Drug use among college student continues to be a public health issue. North America is facing an epidemic of opioid addiction and opioid overdose with an unprecedented level of mortality (Global Commission on Drug Policy, 2017). Opioids are a drug category that contains both illegal and prescription drugs and their main effect is to relieve pain, but when taken in excess, they also produce euphoric side effects. Opioid use can lead to addiction, even when used properlyRead MoreBecoming High Turnover Rates Among Teachers1335 Words   |  6 PagesDefinition of the Problem Higher education has been experiencing high turnover rates among teachers. According to Gonzalez and Brown (2008), the NEA (National Education Association) reported that 20% of recently hired teachers will leave the profession within the first three years (Gonzalez Brown, 2008). In urban areas, however, 50% of teachers will leave the classroom within the same timeframe (p. 2). This is due to low wages, personal dissatisfaction, and emotional/social factors (p.2). SuchRead MoreThe Belief And Attitude Toward New Technology978 Words   |  4 Pages3. Individual difference among teachers 3.1 Belief and attitude toward new technology Previous research demonstrates that a teacher’s teaching philosophy, attitude toward new technology and teaching style will affect the effectiveness of technology integration in education (Demetriadis et al., 2003). Among potential influential factors, teachers’ attitude is one of the critical variables discriminating the successful technology integration and the unsuccessful one. With same teaching level, teachersRead MoreGender And Academic Performance Among College Students1489 Words   |  6 PagesEthnic Identification in Relation to Gender and Academic Performance among College Students Only a certain number of people graduate from high school or obtain a GED. Even fewer of them go on to pursue a post-secondary education and obtain a degree. It is obvious that many factors contribute to this lowered rate of degree obtainment such as tuition cost, being overwhelmed by the advanced curriculum, and the loss motivation; however, another factor that may contribute to this issue is simply the wayRead MoreThe Theoretical Construct Of Self Regulation1218 Words   |  5 Pagestransferring the theoretical construct of self-regulation from educational psychology to the area of second language acquisition. A number of studies on self-regulation in language learning have been carried out in Western contexts (Mezei, 2008). Drawing upon the social cognitive and sociocultural perspectives of self-regulation, Wang, Quach, and Rolston (2009) investigated the development of four male Chinese English language learners use of self-regulated learning strategies. Their caseRead MoreTraditional And Nontraditional Characteristics Predicting Retention Among First Time838 Words   |  4 PagesPredicting Retention among First Time in College Students researched by C. Joseph (2015). This dissertation looks closely at the retention and completion of first time college students and their persistence to obtain their educational goals. The dissertation also looks at programs and services that support and assist students’ needs and that reduce the risk of stopping-out or dropping-out of college. Joseph’s (2015) research identifies 68% of students coming out of high school enroll int o collegeRead MoreHypothetical Structure For Self Determination863 Words   |  4 PagesHypothetical Structure for Self-Determination Diverse factors boost or weaken the motivation of an individual. The self-determination hypothesis of motivation acknowledges the significance of mindfulness to inbuilt motivation. In-built motivation is independent and comes from self-generated interests and personal objectives. It creates the encouragement to act volitionally. It is more projecting of positive emotional outcomes and diligence compared to motivation built externally (Saltzman 2014).Read MoreA Research For The Phase II Worksheet1626 Words   |  7 Pagescommonalities between lived experiences and the differences in societal treatment of the groups† (Gonzalez et al., 2015). Therefore, allowing Caucasian participants to listen to and/or witness personal, positive, first person narratives from out-group members (i.e. Students of African Descent) could have a significant impact on changing their attitudes towards becoming their allies. The intervention poster used personal narratives with the story of how Dean Smi th integrated ACC Basketball. PersonalRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Is Used For Health Promotion And Health Education738 Words   |  3 Pagesadded to health belief model that includes motivating factor, cues to action and self-efficacy. Each of these constructs in combination or individually, could be used to determine health behavior. The HBM also provides guidelines for the program development allowing planners to address reasons for non-compliance with recommended health action. The health belief model is a process used to promote healthy behavior among individuals who may be at risk of developing adverse health outcomes. A person must

How Did The Holocaust Start And Why Did This Occur

Life The Secret Annex How did the Holocaust start and why did this occur? The Holocaust happened in Germany and in Eastern Europe. The victims of the Holocaust were gathered from across Europe, but most of the actual killing was done in parts of Eastern, the best-known of the camps that were used to kill Holocaust victims were in Poland. These camps included Chelmno, Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka, and the most notorious of all the death camps, Auschwitz. Auschwitz was the site of the deaths of more than a million of the victims of the Holocaust. These were the major death camps that were used in the Holocaust. Jewish people were not treated fair and they were hurt. Their lives ended early for most jewish people because of this. Anne and her family s lives were ended poorly. They hid with the Van Danns and were caught one day because of a break in. Anne had a diary, she told the diary everything about her. That diary was found and kept safe. Neither the Franks or the Van Danns had a fair live because of the Holocaust experience. They didn t get to pick their culture. Living within the Secret Annex wasn t the easiest thing ever done. Secrets were kept, stories were revealed, things changed in the Frank s life and the Van Danns life. Not everyone got along well in the secret annex. There were limitations and restrictions they all had to follow. The room annex wasn t a huge house, they had to share lots of things. Many fears would show through all ofShow MoreRelatedThe Nazi Party and The Holocaust Essay610 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holocaust was a terrible time. This terrible time was all a plan, led by Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was sent to prison for treason. Even after he got out, he worked with the government of Germany. He even rose to be the Dictator of Germany, with the luck of the last leaders passing. He blamed others for his struggle. He passed laws, to make it legal to descriminate and to single out groups of people, races, and religions. During the Holocaust, terrible and devistating things happened. JewsRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Despicable Time1724 Words   |  7 Pagesin the Holocaust reacted differently; some by rising above with strength and determination while others exiled their faith to the shadows forever. Throughout history, several different reactions have been accounted for but some do not take the time to think of why survivors reacted in the manner that they did. By doing this, many people will gain greater insight on just how devastating the Holocaust was, even though some chose to make light out of darkness. Therefore, though the Holocaust is a despicableRead MoreGenocides Past and Present Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesGenocides Past and Present Genocide, a dire event, has been recurring time and time again throughout history. In the past, there was the Holocaust, where Hitler exterminated over six million Jews based on his anti-semitic views. Elie Wiesel, a Jewish author, has become a very influential man in educating the world of the true events of the Holocaust due to his involvement in the disaster. Presently, a genocide is occurring in the Darfur region of southern Sudan, in which according to Cheryl GoldmarkRead MoreThe Horrors of Genocide: Night, by Elie Wiesel1699 Words   |  7 Pagespeople in this world believe that they are better than other due to their race, religion, and everything else that defines a group of people as different from another group of people. People are and have been wrongfully treated differently due to the incompetence of some to realize that everyone is equal. They often believe that they were superior to others because of their physical attributes and beliefs that they had. The Holocaust is a major example of the ignorance of some in history. This ignoranceRead MoreMussolini s Main Goals For Italy1177 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Thou shalt not be a victim, thou shalt not be a perpetrator, but above all, thou shalt not be a bystander† (A), these wise words were spoken by Yehuda Bauer, 65 years after the start of the Holocaust. Italy, under the rule of fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, was one of the many countries who turned her back on the Jewish people. Because of political, social and economic reasons, Italy was a bystander to the heinous crimes inflicted on the Jewish population. Benito Mussolini took control of theRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1599 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the Jews (â€Å"The reasons for the Holocaust,† 2009). This tragedy is known today as, â€Å"The Holocaust,† that explains the terrors of our histories past. The face of the Holocaust, master of death, and leader of Germany; Adolf Hitler the most deceitful, powerful, well spoken, and intelligent person that acted as the key to this mass murder. According to a research study at University of South Florida, nearly eleven million people were targeted and killed. This disaster is a genocide that was meantRead MoreWhy Is The Killing Of A Million A Lesser Crime?1440 Words   |  6 PagesGenocide Essay â€Å"Why is the killing of a million a lesser crime than the killing of an individual?† -Raphael Lemkin referring to genocides. Genocides are organized exterminations committed with intent to destroy a whole group based on religion, ethnicity, and race. The Holocaust, the Armenian genocide, Darfur, and the Rwanda genocide were all terrible events in history, but why did they occur? The form of genocide had existed since the perception of superiority and inferiority was known. AsRead MoreConditions of the Concentration Camps During the Holocaust Essay1077 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Jewish race. In his biography, Mein Kampf, Hitler discusses the artistic, social, and technological superiority of Germany (â€Å"Aryans†), why he believes the Aryans are the ultimate dominant human race, and he makes many anti-Semitic remarks against the Jews. (Lualdi 224). In 1935, the â€Å"Nuremberg Laws† were enacted to deny Jewish Germans of their citizenship; this ultimately led Hitler to carry out his â€Å"Final Solution,† in which he hoped to fully exterminate the Jewish race from all of Europe (HuntRead MoreHitler s Responsibility Of The Holocaust1644 Words   |  7 Pagesis very much known for his barbaric deed and responsibility of the Holocaust-- possibly the most disturbing and most horrifying event to be recorded in history. The holocaust systematically killed over six million Jewish people, including over 1.5 million children that were victimized through a number of arguments that many believed was the cause for the destruction. It is difficult to conclude an overriding reason why the holocaust happened, although it is argued, however, that the imminent effectRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In Maus1301 Words   |  6 Pages both theirs and others. Art Spiegelman is no exception to this concept. Throughout his graphic novel, Maus, he consistently expresses his guilt. Spiegelman experiences extreme guilt over not suffering the Holocaust, being a disappointment of a son, and for writing Maus. First of all, Spiegelman expresses constant survivors guilt over his being born after World War II. He did not suffer through the horrors of the World War II Holocaust, but his father, mother, and step-mother suffered. Spiegelman

What Is Polymer Free Essays

Polymer came from the Greek word ‘poly’ and ‘meros’ which means many parts. Polymers can be natural like DNA or can be synthetic like polystyrene. Polymers are huge molecule or macromolecule made of many repeating units which can be the same or different depending upon the desired characteristics. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Polymer? or any similar topic only for you Order Now How are polymers made? The polymers are made by a process called by polymerization no matter if it is a natural or synthetic one. In this process the repeating units are called monomers. Polymers are also of different kinds: Polymer type Characteristics Intra-polymer Soft Stiff In-between Inter-polymer Weak forces between their chains strong force between the chains Van der Waals forces decide this inter-polymer force. What is the chemical structure of the polymer? The chemical structure of a polymer depends upon the composition of the polymer i.e. which kind of monomers it is made of, amount of elements present in it. The structure of polymers is also dependent upon the chemicals bonds with which monomers are linked and also the size of the molecules that are linked. Polymerization Polymerization is a process in which monomers are the input and a 3 dimensional or linked chain of polymer came as output. This process is a chemical reaction. Polymerization is again of 2 types: Polymerization type What are these? Example Step-growth polymerization Polymers formed by the stepwise reaction between functional groups of monomers Polyurethanes Chain growth or Addition polymerization The linking together of molecules incorporating double or triple carbon-carbon bonds Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Polymer molecular weight Polymer are long chains of monomers and the length of these chains vary from each another so because of this kind of variations finding the exact molecular weight of each polymer is quite difficult so instead of calculating the exact weight average weight is calculated. The number  average molecular weight  is the total  weight  of the sample divided by the number of  molecules  in the sample i.e. multiply the  weight of the  molecule  by the number of  molecules. The units of average molecular weight are kg/mol. Properties and Characteristics of polymers Polymer properties Architecture It is basically the structure and shape of the polymer chains that are linked together to give a specific 2D shape. These shapes can be star, comb, brush, dendronized, ladder and dendrimers. These all exist in branched polymers Chain length This a physical property of a polymer sand this property also influence many other properties like melting point, boiling point, resistance, viscosity, molten states, etc. Morphology It describes the arrangement and microscale ordering of polymer chains Tacticity It describes the stereochemistry of chiral carbons in the polymer chain. It can be : Isotactic Atactic Syndiotactic Transport properties It describes the diffusivity rate of how rapidly molecules move through the polymer matrix Characteristics The characteristics of the polymer can be determined by various techniques such as: Side angle X-ray scattering,  small angle X-ray scattering  Small angle neutron scattering Gel permeation chromatography Polydispersity. FTIRRaman and NMR Differential scanning calorimetry  and  dynamic mechanical These techniques are used to know the crystalline structure, chain lengths, molecular weight, composition, glass transition temperature, melting points, etc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#/media/File:Polymer_Branch.svg Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC): GPC is an analytical technique which makes use of a pore network of the cross-linked polymer as stationary phase, forming a molecular sieve, for the separation of components of a polymer molecule in the solution form (mobile phase) based on their size or molecular weight. In GPC, columns with small porous particles packed in the form of the gel are used to allow permeation of a solvent, hence gel permeation chromatography. There are no chemical interactions between the solvent particles and the gel in GPC, rather solvent particles are separated based on the size. The physical and chemical parameters of a cross linked polymer in the GPC column is vital for the overall performance of a GPC in terms of separation. Such few properties are hardness, tensile strength, melt viscosity, brittleness, impact resistance, tear strength, friction etc. GPC can determine various important parameters of a polymer, like a number average (Mn), polydispersity index, volume average (Mv), weight average (Mw), Z average and the most important molecular weight distribution, by determining the chain lengths. Components of GPC: Instrumentation of GPC is comprised of several components working together to yield a system with an optimal separation of components in a given sample. Different components of GPC are as follows: Components of GPC system [1] Pump – The pump in the GPC system, push the solvent at a constant flow rate to all other components such that there would be no interferences in the analysis because of the viscosity differences of a polymer solution. To avoid reactions of solvent molecules with the pump, it is made up of inert materials. Injector – The injector delivers the polymer solution into the mobile phase without disturbing the flow of the mobile phase. In the process of determining molecular weight the injector should be capable of injecting small volume. Usually, the injection volume is in the range 20 – 200 microliters. Column– Column is comprised of a dense network of the porous cross-linked polymer of a well-defined size which separates the components in the sample solely based on their molecular weight. Silica beads are commonly used to design the cross-linked polymer of a GPC column. The size of the column varies from smaller ( 7.5mm length X 50mm diameter ) to larger ( 25mm length X 300mm diameter ) based on the purpose for which it is being used. Nature and size of the bead in the 2784591367549column is dependent on the type of components need to separate. Columns are usually used in sets or groups to enhance the resolution of the GPC system. Highly efficient columns will provide robust and reproducible data over a long period of time.GPC Column [2] Detector – Detector in the GPC system identify the separated components of a sample after they percolated through the gel membrane based on their size under different measurement parameters. GPC detectors can be broadly divided into two classes based on the type of measurement parameter: Detectors measuring concentration – They are sensitive enough to determine a very small change in the mobile phase by determining the difference in the refractive index of the solvent and mobile phase. They are called differential refractive index (DRI) detectors and are the most common and widely used GPC detector. In this case, the response at the detector end corresponds to the sample concentration. Detectors measuring scattered light – When the response at the detector end proportional to the scattered light can be measured then such detectors came into the role. Few examples are multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS), low angle laser light scattering (LALLS) and right-angle laser light scattering (RALLS). Data processing equipment -After a detector, detects the change in the refractive index, the data processing software in the processing equipment calculate the important parameters like Mn, Mv, Mw, molecular weight distribution etc. pertaining to a sample polymer discussed in the introduction section. The updated GPC software offers multiple detections, calibration checks, and corrections in band broadening which makes the GPC system more efficient overall. GPC principle: The components of a sample would be separated based on their molecular weight or size. Larger particles traverse less volume since they cannot enter the small pores of a cross-linked network of polymer in the column and hence elute sooner while smaller particles enter the pores, traverse large volume and elute later. Larger particles in red elute sooner than smaller particles in pink [3] GPC chromatogram with retention time [3] GPC working: First, a sample is prepared by dissolving resin (sample) into an appropriate solvent such as toluene or aqueous buffers. Sample preparation is a crucial step, therefore unless the sample does not get fully dissolved in the solvent further steps shouldn’t be considered. After sample preparation, it is injected via injector into the flowing stream of solvent in the GPC system, where sample components get separated, while permeating through the porous cross-linked polymer, based on their size or molecular weight. The detector then detects the sample components based on the difference in the refractive index of the sample and the mobile phase. The GPC processing software at the end then generates a molecular weight distribution curve which elicits information about the molecular weight of the individual components of the sample along with several other important parameters. Working of GPC [4] GPC application: GPC is widely used to: Characterize different polymers. Differentiate mixtures into small fractions. Routinely clean samples like organic acids, sugars, environmental samples, free fatty acids etc. Utilized in the paint industry. Purify proteins, nucleic acid and polysaccharides. POLYMER ANALYSIS BY MALDI Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis Every molecule in the sample of the polymer has different molecular weight, we have a distribution of weights. The other method used is SEC which is not really helpful as it measures hydrodynamic volume i.e., how big is the polymer chain in the solution. This gives a relative measure of molecular weight, therefore higher the molecular weight higher is the hydrodynamic volume. (http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/images/mal01.gif) Therefore as a result matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopy or MALDI mass spectrometry is used to determine the weight of different polymers. The first step is the sample preparation that needs to be run in the instrument. The polymer of interest is dissolved using a solvent which can be water but some of the proteins are soluble in it, therefore another solvent used is usually a 70:30 ratio of water: acetonitrile. Again the solvent selection depends on the kind of solvent dissolves the polymer of interest. Addition of chemical with the sample which will act as a special agent which will absorb ultra-violet light. Add about 104 times more of UV absorber compared to polymer Example of ultraviolet absorber used :trans-cinnamic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid. (http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/images/mal05.gif) PROCESS:  Add the sample mixture in an airtight chamber, on the sample probe as shown in the diagram. The vacuum will help suck the air out of the chamber, when we do this the sample evaporates and only a layer of UV absorbing compound is left behind(with very little sample)/ At this time shoot a laser to the compound, use UV laser in the 330-360 nm range. So the UV absorbing compound absorbs all the energy it can from the laser, it also passes some of that energy along to the polymer molecules. (https://goo.gl/images/2fPKVo) The polymer is now dispersed in a matrix of the UV-absorbing compound – that’s why it is called matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The matrix material react with the sample polymer in such a way that the polymer gets charged, when the polymers absorb this energy they get evaporated, it’s not possible for heavy polymers but this happens under the high temperature and low pressure conditions.  Ã‚  (https://goo.gl/images/qEDDjc) The polymer is vaporized right between the electrodes. Most of the time there is a single charge on the polymer, therefore the same electrical force is applied to the polymer when accelerated in the electric field between the two electrodes. Heaver the polymer slower is its acceleration, the big heavy polymer will take time to reach the detector at the end of the chamber.(https://goo.gl/images/LRR2v7) The smaller polymer will hit the detector first followed by the heavier ones- order by mass.(http://www.pslc.ws/macrog/images/mal08.gif) When the polymer hits the detector, we get the peak. The peak is proportional to the number of molecules that hit at one time. References http://www.waters.com/waters/en_GB/Size-exclusion-chromatography-%28SEC%29-Gel-Permeation-Chromatography-%28GPC%29-Guide/nav.htm?cid=10167568;locale=en_GBhttps://www.agilent.com/store/en_US/Prod-PL1110-6400/PL1110-6400https://slideplayer.es/slide/1661278/A. E. Hamielec, S. T, Balke, B. P. Leclair ; S. L. Pearce;  Ind. Eng.Chem.,Prod. Res. Dev., 8,54 (1969). Z. Grubistic, R. Rempp ;  H. Benoit; J. Polymer Sci., Part B, 5, 753(1967). https://www.agilent.com/cs/library/primers/Public/59906969EN%20GPC%20SEC%20Chrom%20Guide.pdf. Creel, Howard, Trends in Polymer Science, Elsevier, 1993, vol.1, no.11, pp.336-342 â€Å"Prospects for the Analysis of High Molar Mass Polymers Using MALDI Mass Spectrometry†. Y Brun J. Liq. Chrom ; Rel. Technology, 1979 – 2015 (1998), , 21 (13), â€Å"Data Reduction in Multidetector Size Exclusion Chromatography†. J. Brandrup, E.H. Immersut:John Wiley ; Sons Publisher, â€Å"Polymer Hardbook† W.W. Yau, J.J. Kirkland, D.D. BlyJohn Wiley ; Sons, Inc., New York, 1979, â€Å"Modern Size-Exclusion Liquid Chromatography† Rasmussen, W. (2010),† The Use of Gel Permeation: Chromatography for the Cleanup of Samples in the Analytical Laboratory†.  American laboratory,  42(2). Malvern Panalytical, 29 July 2015, Measuring Molecular Weight, Size and Branching of Polymers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer How to cite What Is Polymer?, Papers

Marketing Control and Marketing Standardisation Strategies

Question: Discuss the marketing plan for TIC Hospital. Answer: Introduction A marketing plan is an extensive record or plan that layouts an organization's publicizing and promoting endeavors for the coming year. It portrays business exercises required in fulfilling particular developing destinations inside a set time span. This report summarizes the Marketing Plan for TIC Hospital. It covers developing technique, showcasing strategies, achievement measurements, and financials. All real advertising exercises are abridged and depicted in the Marketing Activities area for snappy reference Market Summary TIC, i.e., Transitional Infant Care is a unit which takes care of prematurely born babies in the hospitals around the country("The European Market Executive Summary", 2001,p. 5-8). Since this healthcare unit has been founded with the motto of helping the babies and their families to overcome the deadly health issues, they have that required facility, and also they have their name with the collaboration of the other few hospitals for referrals. They have asked those hospitals for the referrals to the TIC eligible babies but in recent years as the collaborative hospitals have developed their facilities and different healthcare unit, they have lessened the number of references to the TIC. It has become a threat to the hospital as the lack of proper marketing strategy is leading them towards the end of it. A good marketing strategy is required to overcome the issue and to get as many patients possible to become the leading healthcare unit for the babies(Cohen , p.46). Target markets: In this case, the target markets should be different hospitals who dont possess that advanced facilities as well as the hospitals who are offering the same care at higher rates. Since TIC provides their assistance to the babies and their parents as well at a very nominal charge if compared to the market rates, so if the marketing strategy presented revolves around the comparison of the rates and percentage of care and atmosphere, then the targets may be achieved successfully(Lout, 2003, p. 719-719). Market Demographics Since demographics in marketing refers to the age, gender, income level, race, and ethnicity, TIC needs to do a proper market survey to identify the targeting and segmenting audience. Through the years, the demographic condition has changed as it changes with the population over time, and that is why proper marketing planning is needed to reach more audiences so thatno more TIC should depend on upon the referrals from the other healthcare units for patients entirely(Arnott and Casscells, 2003, p. 20-29). Because through the years, the other healthcare groups who previously give referrals to TIC, have developed the facilities and now they can provide almost same premises to the patients, and due to that reason, they now don't bother to give referrals any more. This situation has to be stopped with the help of new marketing services using technology to reach to the target audience well in time. Advertising the facilities with the aid of television, email, social media, and phones can b e of great help to highlight the reason to choose TIC for the babies(Chang and Thorson, p.75-84). Market Needs Previously TICs founder Ron David believed in the referrals from the known healthcare professionals, but now due to the development of the other healthcare units, it has come to a point that no other hospitals are giving referrals to TIC. So to cope up with the situation, firstly it is important to know what the market needs. In any sector, the market demands good quality and quantity at an affordable price, so if TIC highlights its cost feature to the audience, then it may become a fruitful reason(Berkhout, Hartmann and Trott, 2010, p.474-490). Now facilities are all same in the hospitals of that area, but the costing factor is different, and this should be the most highlighting point for the marketing. Market trends Every time the market trend follows the need of the ordinary people, as they are the most valuable element to reach the highest level of success. Now with the advent of technological use in the marketing strategy, email marketing, social media marketing, SEO marketing are the most used marketing plans in this era (Muradolu and Aydoan, p. 41-60). Because these are the easiest and cost effective way of marketing and like any other NICU hospital have started to advertise a television commercial to reach their target audience, TIC also announces their highlighted features and the whole healthcare set up to impress the goal audience. Market Growth The proper growth of TIC is only possible if some investments are made for more planned and designed facilities which can be provided to the patients. To grow more, TIC should advertise their success stories with the consent of the patient parties to let the other people know about the first ever made healthcare unit especially for the premature babies in Pittsburg. Relationships with NICU staffs have helped to get referrals previously but now targeting the right audience will do more good to TIC as this will be beneficial on the account of getting thedirect patient("Identifying Growth Opportunities In The European Market", 2003, p. 29). With the help of the advertisements, the families who are facing some problem regarding the babies, will get to know the place where should they go. Marketing Objectives The marketing objectives of TIC should be: To have a separate marketing department with the marketing personnel who can look over the marketing budget plans. The separate office will help to differentiate the responsibilities of the marketing and nursing staff, and then both can follow up their duties well(Shipley, p.48-56). Advertise through television, newspapers, emails, social media; SEO marketing should be done to get hold of a position in the market. Promotional events should be conducted in mostly populated locations, to reach to more audiences. After every promotional event, brochures and leaflets should be given to focusing more on the services offered by TIC. With the help of SEO and SEM website should be launched so that the person in need for assistance could contact easily. The site should contain proper information about the services as well as the contact details (Gaubitz and Thesmann,14-21). To enhance the financial condition of TIC, charity functions along with some sponsorships can help the organization to go ahead a long way. As through this, they can enhance their financial condition and can also make good investments for their more advanced infrastructure. Expanding of the market position will help to deliver excellent service to the people as expanding will provide more confidence in the financial aspect and thus will help in the betterment of TIC. SWOT Analysis Firstly, TIC have a high point for marketing its service, and that is its costing feature since it costs much less than any other NICU healthcare unit, it can highlight the value feature as its strength(Flacking et al., 2013, p.107-112). Secondly, due to lack of advertising and marketing strategy, TIC is failing to fill up its ten beds. More attention should be given to the point of marketing to acquire more audience. Thirdly, it can provide an excellent opportunity to the families of the babies by giving them proper care tour and can give few more facilities for the ease of the parents while staying in there. Lastly, lack of marketing planning may lead TIC to get a threat of closing the whole unit, because the other NICU hospitals are taking advantage of the advertising its features which tend to be amore useful point to them. So it is necessary to advertise with a proper planning to reach to the target audience("Target Audience", p.229). Competition Competition between TIC and the other NICU hospitals should be more. Previously, these NICU hospitals used to give referrals to TIC but now they have developed the same facilities provided by TIC. That means they have developed their services to provide a perfect competition to TIC and by considering the same strategy, TIC should also work on the advertising section to give a proper game to the NICU hospitals. Moreover, this is the only way to compete, and securely hold the position in the market. Product/ Service Offering Highlighting the offers for the services should be maintained properly. The special offers and services of TIC are good enough to bring out the audience to consult them for their problem. But only due to the lack ofproper execution of the marketing plans, they become the sufferers(Chung). TIC offers various services starting from the initial decision to admit, parent tours, family decisions; final decisions to accept the baby, all the opportunities are given to the parents of the child. Besides, they take the responsibility of transferring the baby from the hospital to TIC, then admission, proper caregiving, selected staffs for care providers, parentsrole, and discharge planning, all the features are provided to the parents. Marketing Mix A marketing mix is a tool for business mainly used by the marketers to determine the brand's offer and services. Whatever TIC provides the services should be determined well so that they can be placed in a strong position in the market. Moreover, the marketers who will work for TIC should know the pros and cons of the organization so that the marketer can manage the whole situation well("THE MARKETING MIX: A REVIEW", 2014). The four P's that includes in the marketing mix should be maintained that is price, product, place, and promotion. That means theproper quality of service should be provided at an affordable rate with appropriate promotional events at an ideal location. Promotional events are very much helpful as many people came to know about the facility at one place, and it will be more useful if they are provided with some brochures of the services given at TIC(Constantinides , 2006,p. 407-438). Marketing Strategy For TIC, marketing strategy should be planned in such a way that the organization should catch hold of the exact number of audiences(Krstic and Basic, 2011, p.118-126). The biggest problem with the group is the lack of planning because the staffs and the director of TIC alwaysprovide their attention more towards the babies, the marketing for the team is also important so that more families get to know about the organization so that TIC could serve their service to more people. As TIC claims to provide better services at a lower price, this should be highlighted with the help of the advertisements and media marketing so that, more people came to know about the offers and they could use the facility when there is a need for it, or can recommend it to someone. Besides advertising the services through media, charity functions or events can be conducted along with some sponsorship to get a good amount for their betterment. They also can make events with the collaboration of some individual organizations to attract more people to buy tickets for the event, and also they can take help from any celebrities to come over for their event. As anyone has got an emotional side so doing, some charity will be a yes for everyone. The amount which will be collected after the event, a percentage can be given to the collaborative organization and the other portion of the collection can be used for the betterment of the infrastructure of TIC. To gain more patients, TIC can increase their costing feature a little to meet up the needs for the proper maintenance of the infrastructure. But the costing should be much inferior to any other NICU hospitals. Another point is to expand the TIC Empire to hold a strong position in the market, and it would help TIC to m ake necessary changes in their service to serve more people at once. And for expanding, proper marketing policy is required to be followed and with the help of that, TIC can grow like a huge tree within a year or so. The main motto of the organization should be the responsibility to offer better service than any other NICU hospitals as well as to marketing the organization and its features well to gain the attention of more people residing in Pittsburg. Also, TIC should focus on locating its exact target consumer base. After the consumer base has been located, the company should focus on creating content suitable for that group. 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